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[Music]

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thank you to the LC comment for the

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media / tunity to present a word about

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johansson I and Johansson I polymer prep

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possible prebiotic precursors of buy

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organic note that our goal is analytical

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and our main interest is to get a better

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understanding of the complex nature or

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the erosion C&I polymers the assistance

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is as important in the finest propagated

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chemistry cosmochemistry are in general

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in astrobiology but also in material

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science as coating materials with

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potential biomedical application in this

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talk we will see some aspect related to

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fasting intake water chemistry of signal

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all right the the Dakin CNI is halibut

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acuto's molecule in the universe this

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molecule is a server in interstellar

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clothes starting formation ratio

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planetary nebula interplanetary dust

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commies matrons any planetary contents

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is has been on service in the small

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sphere of Titan the largest moon of

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Saturn and in there in the gas mixture

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on the front a volcanic illusion and in

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Ihram albums also johansson i will be

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present in the atmosphere of the early

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Earth with hydrogen cyanide is the major

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product condors a prepaid gas mister our

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activates with an ester one and then it

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just sources such as alistair discharge

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UV radiation or short way on the other

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hand abbreviated Raritan is a compound

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that is available in adequate

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concentration on the primitive editor or

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afterward and it can be leased to the

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formation on other more complex

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molecules by competitively reaction with

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the geochemical and your physical

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constraints of a particular impediment

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therefore do these whole availability

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and high reactivity the johansson I can

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the Johansson I polymers can be a

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spontaneously as tiniest from Johansson

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I offers his salute lestine ammonia yen

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I or potassium cyanide in the presence

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of ammonia or tree a total mine were

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working basically reacted in rain from 8

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to 10 or in the person of free radical

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from in unison radiation the spontaneous

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polymerization can over over wide range

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of temperature and present in both polar

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water or not Poland in low carbon sir

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on surface in addition the synthesis or

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concern I polymer from formamide

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and the thermal treatment has also been

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reported readily the Dawkins and I

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polymer was synthesized from the tree

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map

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I mean a manually trial or from their

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determine the amino manually try indeed

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it is possible to attain Johansson in a

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polymer and the dry condition from the

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heating of them therefore the synthesis

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of Johansson a polymer is apparently a

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robust profit that occur and a

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multiplier experimental condition the

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Dawkins Eni polymer are a teenager is

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running at the beginning Solis sorry

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ranging in color from yellow to Allah to

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brown to black depending on the degree

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of polymerization and cross-linking the

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final Pro the final problem produce call

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reaction and amorphous black solid

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insoluble in water and with very

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inspiring solubility in kimono Karnas

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servin the johansson i polymer are

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suppressing a broad distribution of

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molecular weight a highly turn a

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structure this characteristic renders

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the fullest tutor palatalization of this

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macro molecular system particularly

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difficult the structure or the johansson

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a polymer had not been fully correctly

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side i remain controversial due to their

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complexity tedious nature in any case

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the structure are the nature of the

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trojans and polymers depend only on the

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spirit of synthetic conditional use for

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the production and actually is difficult

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to stop it a good comparative

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between properties of this complex

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substances and experimental condition

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use for the synthesis in a particular

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sky is two main set aspera mental

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condition for the polymerization or the

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division i worse Flores the Ferg wants a

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static experiment using a pool of liquid

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water in this case the synthesis were

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carried out without any kind

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or steering or experiment about the

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drokken tonight polymerization

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previously a reporter but may in this

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way

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and the second one water idle soul

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experiment using enough teeth our solar

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cycle we explored the role of the

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aquaszero soul in this reaction because

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the acocella soul have been proposing as

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preventive greater a also the ball

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banana soul doubles cycle a full be

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active in the earthly on a port also

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differences interactivity between world

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water in any physical state and water

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present in air water interface i

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respected a small organic molecules tend

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to concentrate in their water air

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interface and also i suspected an

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increase in surface phenomena and there

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is a preferential orientation of their

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regions in the drop and the surface of

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circus aerosol is acidic and finally the

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formation of a polymers in no intimate

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expressed in area could be favored in

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the last year there is a gradual reset

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in reactant seed with your region of fly

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and the water interface and the world

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poor tech by viola Donelson took our dog

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back to the issue of the complex nature

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of the drokken C&I polymer in this

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picture a hubs assume the more recent

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model to try to explain the structure of

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the drug in Chennai polymer here the

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mother professor by a

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Monahan of an earth del L meaner and

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Matthews and also bias are represented

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however independently or desert

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structure of the druggist ni polymer is

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well note that important beyond monomer

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of the other organic deliver when the

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polymer of Johansson I had our it

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releases thus numerous studies carried

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out over the last 50 years to definite

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the molecular present indeed

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concern I polymer in this area I've not

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able de Bourgh caramel Pythagoras was

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very organelle or dough Miller

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Minar Matthews a anagram Manasa

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whoever's are in the case of the strata

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audio Hanson I polymers comparing the

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structure the product sorry the product

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of tiny and the different reaction

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condition or different analytical

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processor is difficult in other words

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they are gonna detected in the dimension

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a polymer depended early on the

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experimental condition of polymerization

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of the intro Hanson I radians

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temperature concentration in detail pas

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answered but also the hydrolysis

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condition at the analytical techniques

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used for the identification on the

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compounds Disney and s else PLC or other

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spectroscopic techniques here we can see

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summary or the divers Organa does can be

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identified Millikan CNI polymers until

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2030 in either concern I polymer have

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been identified important be organic

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such as amino acids a TerraCycle contain

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and nitrogen such as Iran teens puddings

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imidazoles

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and perience more recently carbocylic

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acid implicates in the air TCA cycle and

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the studied in was found and the

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particular

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syntactic synthetic and analysis

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condition are using GC NS as techniques

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identified the hydrolysis condition was

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chosen because this condition are

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typical in periodic chemistry side there

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first pyramids of Miller and Otto and

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this condition are usually used in the

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hydrolysis known proteins Mysterium was

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fired

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identify by us or ocean Oh data balanced

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by C master spectra miss pro/5 and

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future by an external standard who sees

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this data racy master spectra all in

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this tyranny will be identified before

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continuing with the Restless of God we

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are going to see why dirty readings are

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the previous synthesis I important

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there are trimming class or austere

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Ihnen of natural tea readings

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Mnemosyne is Alex a team and in Chile

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Dean during the divot ice has a variety

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of important biological rolled up in man

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one convert toughen caliber and reduce

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cofactor

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despite sex bangs essential for modern

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metabolic Bagwell little attentions had

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been given to the role as coenzyme

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players in the earlier multiple studios

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assist on the yo chemical the condition

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that after trust metal availability and

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the response is organized in utilization

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trans metal base it on their

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availability a similar set of study is

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lacking for consign and these are

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particularly a scar when discussing the

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production's austere earrings so I only

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call fancy a sample of about the

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prebiotic synthesis of tea reading

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generation austerities and Flavio like

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compounds from on dry fitting of amino

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acid and during difficulty on a

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structure like tiddling by DT NS

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analysis at the thermal analysis of

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arrogance ionize polymer therefore or

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film it of Attilan in a johansson a

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polymer was really promising added upon

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of view of previous chemistry and also

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or finding of appearing in any direction

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i polymer was in agreement agreement

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with the proposal made by a similar

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elemental

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several years ago this austere circuits

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iris on it

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origin of

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a factor Sonics folic acid and iron grip

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of Levine bus compounds are tearing in

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the river ties methanol hypothesis is

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the centrality in derivatives come

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before from in your hand

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Gianna thus or previous result together

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could be partisan suggested by the same

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order

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I love and tell encourage to Korea to

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analysis in deep several Johansson I

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polymer synthesis and analysis under

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different condition so a little careful

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analysis of the second chromatogram so

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about inserting for the molecular onion

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or several tremendously that ever the

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diva types of training leads to the

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detection of the oxy pyridine bass also

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to ascertain tyrion tyrion leukotriene

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no methane and tetrahedral see pyridine

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in addition we see dentist synthesized

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another Johansson high polymer but the

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reaction was conducive in the absence of

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oxygen using a nitrogen atmosphere

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experiment a in this scale in solid

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polymer was a relative under the state's

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patent condition condition discrete

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about and similar result where the

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trainees with respect to the control

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experiment you can see here we also

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associate the production of Tyrion in

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the presence of echoes aerosols

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experiment B and C in this table you can

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see that that the girls were protect

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LEDs from experiment B and C are lower

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compared with a static a spam because

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Aquos aerosol do not favor the

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production of insulin at the same a

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polymer however the ratio between the

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girls experience and puddings

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is greater for the aerosol experiment

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does the Archos aerosol increase the

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relative percent amount of T leading

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I comment before the guillotine for

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monuments in the decides from the

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polymerization arsenide depending on the

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hydrolysis condition of the sample thank

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taking this to account and

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considering that this tree doctrine

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could be Athenian for the Hadean of

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acetylene in the presence of chloride

281
00:15:12,369 --> 00:15:10,309
acid we are eternally studied the effort

282
00:15:15,790 --> 00:15:12,379
at or others it releases collision over

283
00:15:18,970 --> 00:15:15,800
tear in Astana thus we check the effect

284
00:15:22,749 --> 00:15:18,980
or the other catalysis condition on Y so

285
00:15:26,679 --> 00:15:22,759
subtotal as his Asami Sato tyrion tyrion

286
00:15:30,579 --> 00:15:26,689
a la catrina we found that is absurd

287
00:15:34,509 --> 00:15:30,589
Potanin is almost converted to be rocks

288
00:15:39,819 --> 00:15:34,519
appear in the torturing is totally does

289
00:15:40,929 --> 00:15:39,829
confused pyridine is actually dominated

290
00:15:44,139 --> 00:15:40,939
and gills

291
00:15:46,960 --> 00:15:44,149
loomis I'm a your copter in his patella

292
00:15:49,449 --> 00:15:46,970
discomposed to giant tetra rocks appear

293
00:15:54,009 --> 00:15:49,459
in and something on other an

294
00:15:56,859 --> 00:15:54,019
identification pounds vodka that

295
00:16:01,449 --> 00:15:56,869
co-worker studied the hydrolysis of

296
00:16:04,749 --> 00:16:01,459
hydrogen cyanide polymer at pH 8 with

297
00:16:06,879 --> 00:16:04,759
maybe more a model of resonable model of

298
00:16:09,639 --> 00:16:06,889
pre materiality any condition all

299
00:16:12,460 --> 00:16:09,649
throughout the ionic FPS of the earliest

300
00:16:15,220 --> 00:16:12,470
remains controversial issue some outer

301
00:16:16,539 --> 00:16:15,230
provide arguments or for a relative

302
00:16:18,519 --> 00:16:16,549
constancy SPS

303
00:16:21,129 --> 00:16:18,529
the asean EPX or the modern earth

304
00:16:24,929 --> 00:16:21,139
approximately eight

305
00:16:27,699 --> 00:16:24,939
thus the insoluble attorney sorry

306
00:16:35,169 --> 00:16:27,709
johansson i polymer attained from the

307
00:16:38,679 --> 00:16:35,179
experiment was it releases using the

308
00:16:47,549 --> 00:16:38,689
hydrolysis condition described by

309
00:16:50,619 --> 00:16:47,559
Bourget and co-worker in this sky

310
00:16:53,710 --> 00:16:50,629
pyridine is subsistence after turin and

311
00:16:54,530 --> 00:16:53,720
leukotriene were detected in relatively

312
00:16:57,380 --> 00:16:54,540
high

313
00:17:00,230 --> 00:16:57,390
day non-silicon produce llama signs

314
00:17:02,120 --> 00:17:00,240
agüero service therefore the formation

315
00:17:04,490 --> 00:17:02,130
of dhamma sign is a dearest consequence

316
00:17:08,500 --> 00:17:04,500
of the oscillation of Tiran due to the

317
00:17:12,110 --> 00:17:08,510
obvious hydrolysis condition news

318
00:17:17,120 --> 00:17:12,120
however when the supernatant from the

319
00:17:20,090 --> 00:17:17,130
experiment see a grass seed release I

320
00:17:24,310 --> 00:17:20,100
release Isis using neutral in the

321
00:17:27,590 --> 00:17:24,320
condition we compounds were identified

322
00:17:32,780 --> 00:17:27,600
nullity reading were all said that was

323
00:17:35,900 --> 00:17:32,790
also tree Essenes and fatty attic the

324
00:17:38,450 --> 00:17:35,910
presence of Priya seen in HSN in Arakan

325
00:17:40,610 --> 00:17:38,460
C&I polymers in this interesting because

326
00:17:43,490 --> 00:17:40,620
opens a new route for the periodic

327
00:17:46,100 --> 00:17:43,500
synthesis beyond of the pathway discrete

328
00:17:49,100 --> 00:17:46,110
by our groups using areas privileged

329
00:17:51,080 --> 00:17:49,110
area under the probability point of view

330
00:17:54,220 --> 00:17:51,090
tree attained are interesting because

331
00:17:58,090 --> 00:17:54,230
the havean suggested an alternative

332
00:18:00,740 --> 00:17:58,100
classes in the Prairie a war

333
00:18:02,480 --> 00:18:00,750
later I will comment the formation

334
00:18:06,380 --> 00:18:02,490
appraisal of fatty acid Amira Hass

335
00:18:08,990 --> 00:18:06,390
ionized polymer in any case here we have

336
00:18:11,510 --> 00:18:09,000
a clear example that indentification of

337
00:18:14,810 --> 00:18:11,520
by organic compounds in illusionary

338
00:18:17,030 --> 00:18:14,820
polymer is sensitive both the synthetic

339
00:18:19,610 --> 00:18:17,040
condition for the production of polymer

340
00:18:22,430 --> 00:18:19,620
and hydrolysis condition and also that

341
00:18:24,230 --> 00:18:22,440
the Elco solution have agreed influence

342
00:18:29,680 --> 00:18:24,240
in the instrument cyanide polymerization

343
00:18:32,180 --> 00:18:29,690
as it was suspected in this picture

344
00:18:34,670 --> 00:18:32,190
hypothetical pathway as formation of

345
00:18:37,520 --> 00:18:34,680
tyranny in front and Eni polymerization

346
00:18:41,030 --> 00:18:37,530
is so busted under Gabriel is a

347
00:18:45,460 --> 00:18:41,040
conditions condensation the for fight

348
00:18:52,910 --> 00:18:45,470
jimena pyrimidine undergo cyclo addition

349
00:18:58,210 --> 00:18:52,920
with one to the carbonyl compounds to 4d

350
00:19:02,980 --> 00:19:00,399
as Canada conclusion about the

351
00:19:06,070 --> 00:19:02,990
identification of tyranny major concern

352
00:19:08,080 --> 00:19:06,080
a polymer we can say that it is cannot

353
00:19:09,909 --> 00:19:08,090
be considered as molecular fossils

354
00:19:11,919 --> 00:19:09,919
because their backbone can be

355
00:19:17,140 --> 00:19:11,929
synthesized and the possible provided

356
00:19:19,180 --> 00:19:17,150
condition in the second part of this

357
00:19:21,789 --> 00:19:19,190
talk I would like to address an aspir

358
00:19:25,029 --> 00:19:21,799
related to their scenario of glassy

359
00:19:26,830 --> 00:19:25,039
Liddell proposes but assume or and resin

360
00:19:30,580 --> 00:19:26,840
result in this topic use it across

361
00:19:33,909 --> 00:19:30,590
Arizona in the glissade let s scenario

362
00:19:36,820 --> 00:19:33,919
leglocks la regla silane and therefore

363
00:19:38,919 --> 00:19:36,830
mal de mer did receive former eight are

364
00:19:42,250 --> 00:19:38,929
suggested to be the central starting

365
00:19:44,860 --> 00:19:42,260
material for a chemical constitution was

366
00:19:47,289 --> 00:19:44,870
a possible promoter metabolics serving

367
00:19:49,600 --> 00:19:47,299
as a starter rata for the most formation

368
00:19:51,520 --> 00:19:49,610
of other organic compounds with

369
00:19:57,669 --> 00:19:51,530
biological interest

370
00:20:01,000 --> 00:19:57,679
Sagat silver and red TC a carboxylic

371
00:20:02,980 --> 00:20:01,010
acid by reaction Dimmick to the

372
00:20:06,760 --> 00:20:02,990
competitively with the constraints

373
00:20:09,039 --> 00:20:06,770
probabilities chemistry the world made

374
00:20:11,350 --> 00:20:09,049
by krishna multi group are the earliest

375
00:20:13,810 --> 00:20:11,360
sample I could find about this

376
00:20:19,930 --> 00:20:13,820
parametric envisioned for the proposal

377
00:20:22,750 --> 00:20:19,940
of assimilation in the Gosselin scenario

378
00:20:25,390 --> 00:20:22,760
they a stem compounds Ysidro healthy ni

379
00:20:27,760 --> 00:20:25,400
so we explore in an experimental as

380
00:20:30,159 --> 00:20:27,770
proud to check the Glacial a scenario of

381
00:20:32,680 --> 00:20:30,169
several synthesis ysidro Hanson I

382
00:20:35,200 --> 00:20:32,690
polymer but in particular attention to

383
00:20:38,230 --> 00:20:35,210
the role of the echoes are sewn together

384
00:20:41,890 --> 00:20:38,240
with a statistical method for this study

385
00:20:46,149 --> 00:20:41,900
a total a total of 32 experimental

386
00:20:49,930 --> 00:20:46,159
condition was plural they start in real

387
00:20:53,110 --> 00:20:49,940
time the reaction time the presence of

388
00:20:56,289 --> 00:20:53,120
aqua cytosol the present of Sal an odd

389
00:21:01,029 --> 00:20:56,299
seein were evaluated for the platoon of

390
00:21:03,789 --> 00:21:01,039
pure organic compounds here we can see

391
00:21:08,110 --> 00:21:03,799
the polar Oconee compounds identify in

392
00:21:12,060 --> 00:21:08,120
this new a token CNI polymers by GC and

393
00:21:15,540 --> 00:21:12,070
EPS all the polar organic compounds way

394
00:21:17,940 --> 00:21:15,550
were identified after high acid

395
00:21:20,220 --> 00:21:17,950
hydrolysis of the sample are using the

396
00:21:23,510 --> 00:21:20,230
devastation method may be on a boat

397
00:21:27,630 --> 00:21:23,520
in this world not only the insoluble

398
00:21:31,590 --> 00:21:27,640
Johansson a polymer were analysis but

399
00:21:34,350 --> 00:21:31,600
also the supernatant well study not at

400
00:21:37,560 --> 00:21:34,360
all compounds were found in a sample as

401
00:21:39,960 --> 00:21:37,570
is buses pass still their prevalence and

402
00:21:45,030 --> 00:21:39,970
he was depend on the experimental

403
00:21:46,860 --> 00:21:45,040
condition of synthesis at the tile

404
00:21:48,750 --> 00:21:46,870
analysis of the GC and else

405
00:21:52,220 --> 00:21:48,760
chromatograms and the synthetic

406
00:21:54,930 --> 00:21:52,230
conditions together with a dancer called

407
00:21:57,360 --> 00:21:54,940
redundancy correspondence analysis 2d

408
00:22:00,120 --> 00:21:57,370
confirm that the present of Aquos

409
00:22:02,610 --> 00:22:00,130
aerosol intense notably the diversity of

410
00:22:05,300 --> 00:22:02,620
agony found in addition cyanide polymers

411
00:22:08,730 --> 00:22:05,310
independently or the other experimental

412
00:22:11,250 --> 00:22:08,740
condition in the particular case a degli

413
00:22:13,830 --> 00:22:11,260
oxalic acid this compound was

414
00:22:16,680 --> 00:22:13,840
preferentially identified in solution

415
00:22:18,390 --> 00:22:16,690
Johansson I polymers in that is sizing

416
00:22:20,940 --> 00:22:18,400
the presence of Aquos aerosol and

417
00:22:27,180 --> 00:22:20,950
ammonia under an inert atmosphere and

418
00:22:29,700 --> 00:22:27,190
using pure water as a more proposed the

419
00:22:33,770 --> 00:22:29,710
isolate a scenario suggests in a

420
00:22:37,410 --> 00:22:33,780
hypothetical relationship between a

421
00:22:41,640 --> 00:22:37,420
erosion C&I and the constituent was the

422
00:22:44,970 --> 00:22:41,650
para TCA cycle here so what in boxes in

423
00:22:48,950 --> 00:22:44,980
this proposal they did receive

424
00:22:53,610 --> 00:22:48,960
fumari will be formatted releases of

425
00:22:55,470 --> 00:22:53,620
them in this war you know the docks

426
00:22:59,160 --> 00:22:55,480
infirmary at it was hidden difficult

427
00:23:02,520 --> 00:22:59,170
however pubic ethic and allene aspartic

428
00:23:05,790 --> 00:23:02,530
acid glutamic acid and also glia silly

429
00:23:08,220 --> 00:23:05,800
happy where identify but you see a nest

430
00:23:10,950 --> 00:23:08,230
in good agreement with this emotional

431
00:23:13,680 --> 00:23:10,960
proportion the formation of the amino

432
00:23:17,010 --> 00:23:13,690
acid will be explaining as a reductive

433
00:23:19,290 --> 00:23:17,020
amination process assets it was

434
00:23:20,880 --> 00:23:19,300
suggested by the same morsel taken into

435
00:23:23,340 --> 00:23:20,890
account is part of the visual aid

436
00:23:25,890 --> 00:23:23,350
scenario in general the identification

437
00:23:28,590 --> 00:23:25,900
OD Glee oxalic acid the

438
00:23:30,900 --> 00:23:28,600
some constituent of the electoral cycle

439
00:23:33,900 --> 00:23:30,910
and the respective amino acid will be

440
00:23:37,170 --> 00:23:33,910
favored by the present of across Arizona

441
00:23:40,560 --> 00:23:37,180
the compounds identify as some in the

442
00:23:44,630 --> 00:23:40,570
system where the data simultaneously in

443
00:23:51,980 --> 00:23:44,640
the iteration CNI polymer synthesis I

444
00:23:55,770 --> 00:23:51,990
under this particular condition in this

445
00:24:01,380 --> 00:23:55,780
in this system of the earth TCA cycle as

446
00:24:04,920 --> 00:24:01,390
shown in boxes the compounds found in

447
00:24:08,340 --> 00:24:04,930
your world now however note that only

448
00:24:11,580 --> 00:24:08,350
see two series five carboxylic acid well

449
00:24:14,880 --> 00:24:11,590
identify and the autocatalytic strata or

450
00:24:19,050 --> 00:24:14,890
the TCA cycle the river for the branch

451
00:24:21,860 --> 00:24:19,060
it pointed associated with Secretariat

452
00:24:25,710 --> 00:24:21,870
currently we are working to identify

453
00:24:28,710 --> 00:24:25,720
specifically keto acid and this is the

454
00:24:34,740 --> 00:24:28,720
basilic acid Milligan C&I polymer and

455
00:24:37,440 --> 00:24:34,750
also a selective reaction this has come

456
00:24:40,020 --> 00:24:37,450
so hypothetical relationship between the

457
00:24:45,210 --> 00:24:40,030
carboxylic acid even difficult when GC

458
00:24:47,670 --> 00:24:45,220
and s in or you can see ni polymer the

459
00:24:51,600 --> 00:24:47,680
starting point is the propulsion male by

460
00:24:53,550 --> 00:24:51,610
a similar in blue arrow to establish a

461
00:24:56,400 --> 00:24:53,560
hypothetical relationship between the

462
00:24:57,840 --> 00:24:56,410
carboxylic acid identify identify by

463
00:24:59,550 --> 00:24:57,850
eyes the mirror

464
00:25:01,260 --> 00:24:59,560
reaction proposed for the

465
00:25:03,750 --> 00:25:01,270
interconnection between the different

466
00:25:05,730 --> 00:25:03,760
carboxylic acid as react is curve

467
00:25:06,570 --> 00:25:05,740
oscillation oscillation carbonyl

468
00:25:12,270 --> 00:25:06,580
reduction

469
00:25:16,530 --> 00:25:12,280
or seeded type the curve oscillation and

470
00:25:19,410 --> 00:25:16,540
radical oxidation the production of the

471
00:25:22,140 --> 00:25:19,420
carboxylic acids is to improve in the

472
00:25:25,650 --> 00:25:22,150
presence of aqua sorry soul the rest'll

473
00:25:28,080 --> 00:25:25,660
is in agreement with our previous world

474
00:25:31,230 --> 00:25:28,090
in with the formation of carboxylic acid

475
00:25:33,660 --> 00:25:31,240
was always favored in the presence of

476
00:25:36,890 --> 00:25:33,670
aqua solution and also with the result

477
00:25:39,890 --> 00:25:36,900
reporter but Donna's Al Ahram co-worker

478
00:25:43,880 --> 00:25:39,900
in Sun except or the proposal of this

479
00:25:53,780 --> 00:25:43,890
Stan are implicit in the doxy Intersil

480
00:25:56,600 --> 00:25:53,790
radicals with our province e for the air

481
00:25:58,760 --> 00:25:56,610
water interface does manifest in the

482
00:26:01,000 --> 00:25:58,770
partition of the drusilla radical

483
00:26:03,950 --> 00:26:01,010
between the world water and the surface

484
00:26:06,560 --> 00:26:03,960
likely due to this fat we are serve at

485
00:26:09,770 --> 00:26:06,570
greater diversity in carboxylic acid in

486
00:26:13,270 --> 00:26:09,780
those johansson I polymers in the decide

487
00:26:17,690 --> 00:26:13,280
using across Arizona on the other harm

488
00:26:20,570 --> 00:26:17,700
the synthesis of Eden twins can also be

489
00:26:23,390 --> 00:26:20,580
explained using the do silly of it as a

490
00:26:25,870 --> 00:26:23,400
starting riittää again the role of the

491
00:26:28,760 --> 00:26:25,880
Aqua sorry soul is key for the dentist's

492
00:26:32,570 --> 00:26:28,770
identification of Atlanta wins the

493
00:26:34,580 --> 00:26:32,580
election I attic was all identified in

494
00:26:38,720 --> 00:26:34,590
erosion cyanide polymers in the decides

495
00:26:43,340 --> 00:26:38,730
in the present of across Arizona yet the

496
00:26:46,610 --> 00:26:43,350
Inka hydroxy in and fi e da see in an

497
00:26:48,890 --> 00:26:46,620
chain was preferentially identified in

498
00:26:52,280 --> 00:26:48,900
Iran cyanide polymers in 30 sized under

499
00:26:54,410 --> 00:26:52,290
this does condition the danton's are

500
00:26:56,720 --> 00:26:54,420
periodically interesting because they

501
00:26:59,810 --> 00:26:56,730
had been suggesting as a precursor for

502
00:27:01,400 --> 00:26:59,820
the emergence of petals and amino acids

503
00:27:04,250 --> 00:27:01,410
and because the primitive in a

504
00:27:06,950 --> 00:27:04,260
micrograph of there may have been able

505
00:27:13,280 --> 00:27:06,960
to use Indian teens as sources of

506
00:27:15,200 --> 00:27:13,290
nitrogen and carbon finally the glossy

507
00:27:17,600 --> 00:27:15,210
like a scenario also suggested the

508
00:27:19,460 --> 00:27:17,610
synthesis of sugar from deadly oxalic

509
00:27:22,310 --> 00:27:19,470
acid and is joseph merrick

510
00:27:24,260 --> 00:27:22,320
RT is namoore tea and co-workers so with

511
00:27:29,480 --> 00:27:24,270
the production of sugar from the

512
00:27:32,210 --> 00:27:29,490
dramatic artist is favored at PS that is

513
00:27:34,370 --> 00:27:32,220
like alkaline and a result that indicate

514
00:27:36,860 --> 00:27:34,380
that the present across aerosol have a

515
00:27:38,990 --> 00:27:36,870
negative correlation with the fennel PS

516
00:27:41,360 --> 00:27:39,000
or destiny the polymerization reaction

517
00:27:42,110 --> 00:27:41,370
from the starting point we have

518
00:27:45,140 --> 00:27:42,120
synthetized

519
00:27:48,290 --> 00:27:45,150
unused serie of hydrogen cyanide polymer

520
00:27:51,410 --> 00:27:48,300
using across other soil using a

521
00:27:53,520 --> 00:27:51,420
different reaction time from one day to

522
00:27:57,550 --> 00:27:53,530
30 the

523
00:28:01,480 --> 00:27:57,560
in this new experiment the crew reaction

524
00:28:04,150 --> 00:28:01,490
were analysis by Silla know that in

525
00:28:07,780 --> 00:28:04,160
these new analysis with change the

526
00:28:10,510 --> 00:28:07,790
assets it releases condition and the

527
00:28:14,200 --> 00:28:10,520
river delivered citation method this

528
00:28:18,640 --> 00:28:14,210
chromatogram is some as an example of

529
00:28:21,010 --> 00:28:18,650
natural result you see these new

530
00:28:23,860 --> 00:28:21,020
analytical protocol for the workup of

531
00:28:28,230 --> 00:28:23,870
the sample not only Sousou are worth

532
00:28:32,140 --> 00:28:28,240
detected but also both fatty acid and

533
00:28:33,940 --> 00:28:32,150
Manali Lisa died were identified also

534
00:28:37,030 --> 00:28:33,950
the prebiotic production of fatty

535
00:28:40,030 --> 00:28:37,040
artists formalize the ID related produce

536
00:28:43,870 --> 00:28:40,040
of johansson ID has been recently

537
00:28:46,500 --> 00:28:43,880
reported by the group of salary no tour

538
00:28:49,390 --> 00:28:46,510
no lease is the first time that

539
00:28:51,880 --> 00:28:49,400
monoglyceride are found in this time in

540
00:28:56,110 --> 00:28:51,890
this type of synthesis i will lie to

541
00:29:02,710 --> 00:28:56,120
pointing out that the result so here our

542
00:29:05,350 --> 00:29:02,720
preliminary also highly hopefully as a

543
00:29:07,990 --> 00:29:05,360
result also Retton synthetic analytical

544
00:29:11,910 --> 00:29:08,000
work a notable number on you important

545
00:29:15,610 --> 00:29:11,920
be organic compound such as amino acid

546
00:29:18,910 --> 00:29:15,620
is oxy attic keto acid the carboxylic

547
00:29:21,460 --> 00:29:18,920
acid fatty acid contains three Essenes

548
00:29:22,990 --> 00:29:21,470
butenes to redeem sewer and

549
00:29:25,450 --> 00:29:23,000
monoglycerides

550
00:29:30,550 --> 00:29:25,460
has been found for the first time in

551
00:29:33,430 --> 00:29:30,560
addition cyanide polymers as a general

552
00:29:35,770 --> 00:29:33,440
conclusion or finding together with the

553
00:29:37,780 --> 00:29:35,780
previous detection of other important

554
00:29:40,600 --> 00:29:37,790
bill Rani's indicate that the drokken

555
00:29:43,420 --> 00:29:40,610
sin i may be a key compound in the first

556
00:29:48,330 --> 00:29:43,430
step of the primal evolution or the

557
00:29:52,690 --> 00:29:51,970
finally I would like to thank our God

558
00:29:54,640 --> 00:29:52,700
Cristina

559
00:29:57,460 --> 00:29:54,650
Patricia for the fighting war in the

560
00:30:01,120 --> 00:29:57,470
synthesis Halden analysis of the rockin

561
00:30:04,210 --> 00:30:01,130
C&I polymer Elena wants electoral for

562
00:30:06,790 --> 00:30:04,220
her collaboration in the static

563
00:30:09,330 --> 00:30:06,800
stiffness study it's all thank you very

564
00:30:17,280 --> 00:30:09,340
much for your attention

565
00:30:20,380 --> 00:30:18,460
okay

566
00:30:22,480 --> 00:30:20,390
Thank You Marta that was a great talk um

567
00:30:26,470 --> 00:30:22,490
we've got about 15 minutes now for

568
00:30:35,200 --> 00:30:26,480
questions so okay I have arenas here and

569
00:30:37,570 --> 00:30:35,210
shut up cut it good well thank you for

570
00:30:40,390 --> 00:30:37,580
this talk and just a lot of us know

571
00:30:42,880 --> 00:30:40,400
firsthand how important and how

572
00:30:45,820 --> 00:30:42,890
difficult this research into a hydrogen

573
00:30:49,150 --> 00:30:45,830
cyanide polymers is so congratulation on

574
00:30:50,800 --> 00:30:49,160
all your wonderful work so my question

575
00:30:54,070 --> 00:30:50,810
has to do with Tara Dean's

576
00:30:56,680 --> 00:30:54,080
so like if I'm just correct me if I'm

577
00:30:58,900 --> 00:30:56,690
wrong but most of your systems you will

578
00:31:02,260 --> 00:30:58,910
prepare your HC and Paula merral first

579
00:31:05,110 --> 00:31:02,270
and recover the batarians upon

580
00:31:07,840 --> 00:31:05,120
hydrolysis and you have a mechanism but

581
00:31:10,780 --> 00:31:07,850
I mean it it's at this point it's

582
00:31:13,180 --> 00:31:10,790
unclear whether you may make Tara Dean's

583
00:31:15,460 --> 00:31:13,190
first and then they get fused into

584
00:31:17,950 --> 00:31:15,470
polymer or maybe you're making them upon

585
00:31:20,830 --> 00:31:17,960
hydrolysis and I know it's just an open

586
00:31:23,590 --> 00:31:20,840
question right but can you speculate

587
00:31:26,890 --> 00:31:23,600
about some sort of conditions where you

588
00:31:30,250 --> 00:31:26,900
would stop polymerization air just Tara

589
00:31:32,050 --> 00:31:30,260
Dean's and not and not expensive this

590
00:31:34,060 --> 00:31:32,060
long polymer and they're just open

591
00:31:41,380 --> 00:31:34,070
question of course but maybe just you

592
00:31:45,570 --> 00:31:41,390
have some insight into this but I don't

593
00:31:49,560 --> 00:31:45,580
know because they they do han-shan i

594
00:32:00,790 --> 00:31:49,570
polymer is a polymerization is system

595
00:32:04,080 --> 00:32:00,800
really complex with the time I don't

596
00:32:10,050 --> 00:32:04,090
know I know I know

597
00:32:16,570 --> 00:32:13,990
thanks for your talk so I I have so

598
00:32:18,640 --> 00:32:16,580
because you have achieved the synthesis

599
00:32:22,260 --> 00:32:18,650
of patterning so have you tried to

600
00:32:25,300 --> 00:32:22,270
incorporate molybdenum or tungsten into

601
00:32:28,150 --> 00:32:25,310
this ligand I mean because all the

602
00:32:31,600 --> 00:32:28,160
enzymes of molybdenum and the tungsten

603
00:32:34,720 --> 00:32:31,610
tends to take patterning group as the

604
00:32:37,780 --> 00:32:34,730
main ligand of course there is a Paranal

605
00:32:40,900 --> 00:32:37,790
group I mean that the Saleen group have

606
00:32:48,720 --> 00:32:40,910
you tried to incorporate transition

607
00:32:57,010 --> 00:32:53,530
mean so there are many molybdenum and

608
00:33:01,240 --> 00:32:57,020
tungsten enzymes take the paternity

609
00:33:13,180 --> 00:33:01,250
ligand as the main ligand so I want to

610
00:33:15,580 --> 00:33:13,190
know okay thanks anyway Thanks hi Marta

611
00:33:17,830 --> 00:33:15,590
thanks I've done a really nice job of

612
00:33:20,650 --> 00:33:17,840
expanding a lot of the synthetic work

613
00:33:24,100 --> 00:33:20,660
that was done by our own or Galan into

614
00:33:26,590 --> 00:33:24,110
cofactors and also in action Moser into

615
00:33:29,470 --> 00:33:26,600
the metabolites I'm just wondering how

616
00:33:31,810 --> 00:33:29,480
you considering the fact that metabolism

617
00:33:34,510 --> 00:33:31,820
as we know it doesn't use HCN I'm just

618
00:33:37,900 --> 00:33:34,520
curious how you envisage the steps that

619
00:33:41,410 --> 00:33:37,910
bring us from an HCN driven metabolism

620
00:33:44,110 --> 00:33:41,420
to a co2 fixing metabolism can you can

621
00:33:58,870 --> 00:33:44,120
you comment on how that transition

622
00:34:01,300 --> 00:33:58,880
occurs and why it occurs no so those

623
00:34:03,100 --> 00:34:01,310
same cofactors are those similar types

624
00:34:05,500 --> 00:34:03,110
of cofactors are not synthesized the

625
00:34:07,660 --> 00:34:05,510
same way in biosynthesis they're made

626
00:34:10,090 --> 00:34:07,670
from amino acids rather than HCN so that

627
00:34:12,460 --> 00:34:10,100
my question is can you describe how you

628
00:34:14,290 --> 00:34:12,470
envisage that transition of things being

629
00:34:16,660 --> 00:34:14,300
made one way to being made a completely

630
00:34:29,350 --> 00:34:16,670
different way what were the steps that

631
00:34:35,690 --> 00:34:32,810
so just if I'm learning and doing a lot

632
00:34:39,290 --> 00:34:35,700
of free body chemistry turns when you go

633
00:34:40,659 --> 00:34:39,300
into biological mechanism so there's a

634
00:34:43,570 --> 00:34:40,669
lot of things that come into play

635
00:34:46,700 --> 00:34:43,580
solubility of availability of

636
00:34:49,940 --> 00:34:46,710
intermediate so in just in in all of

637
00:34:51,830 --> 00:34:49,950
those ways and biology is the mechanism

638
00:34:54,740 --> 00:34:51,840
are somewhat weird that some not

639
00:34:56,440 --> 00:34:54,750
somewhat not optimal so I'm thinking is

640
00:34:59,840 --> 00:34:56,450
just to say something like that

641
00:35:03,070 --> 00:34:59,850
formation of those cofactor might be

642
00:35:11,270 --> 00:35:03,080
very late you know achievement of

643
00:35:14,560 --> 00:35:11,280
evolution I thank you for your talk I

644
00:35:20,560 --> 00:35:14,570
was interested in the glyoxylate

645
00:35:23,690 --> 00:35:20,570
conversion and relax ladies a present in

646
00:35:25,610 --> 00:35:23,700
present day metabolism so I was just

647
00:35:29,770 --> 00:35:25,620
wondering I couldn't see the actual

648
00:35:32,660 --> 00:35:29,780
reactions but are there enzymes now that

649
00:35:34,840 --> 00:35:32,670
actually catalyze some of the

650
00:35:44,530 --> 00:35:34,850
conversions that you showed on your

651
00:35:49,570 --> 00:35:44,540
slide from Galax lake you were able to

652
00:36:06,470 --> 00:35:49,580
convert to to walk so assets and things

653
00:36:08,630 --> 00:36:06,480
no okay thanks very very nice talk um

654
00:36:11,660 --> 00:36:08,640
I'm wondering too are you saying now you

655
00:36:15,680 --> 00:36:11,670
found fatty acids in this reaction as

656
00:36:18,440 --> 00:36:15,690
well because tell us a paper in 1963 but

657
00:36:21,050 --> 00:36:18,450
no reason Markham you've you've probably

658
00:36:22,640 --> 00:36:21,060
seen it while they were claiming they

659
00:36:24,110 --> 00:36:22,650
made fatty acids from ammonium cyanide

660
00:36:25,460 --> 00:36:24,120
and everybody would say what you know

661
00:36:28,550 --> 00:36:25,470
that can't be because there's no

662
00:36:30,830 --> 00:36:28,560
reasonable mechanism you can write to do

663
00:36:32,960 --> 00:36:30,840
all of those reductions and linear in

664
00:36:35,270 --> 00:36:32,970
locations right I'm wondering if you

665
00:36:36,000 --> 00:36:35,280
have some sense of how they might be

666
00:36:47,220 --> 00:36:36,010
made

667
00:36:55,140 --> 00:36:47,230
of the mechanism they despite the

668
00:37:00,000 --> 00:36:55,150
finding of fatty acid but they they they

669
00:37:03,330 --> 00:37:00,010
don't give you any so that that's that's

670
00:37:18,720 --> 00:37:03,340
their result not your result oh I see I

671
00:37:21,330 --> 00:37:18,730
see okay thank you okay thank you thank

672
00:37:24,990 --> 00:37:21,340
you for nice talk I'm curious about the

673
00:37:27,599 --> 00:37:25,000
richness time or a lifetime of prebiotic

674
00:37:31,530 --> 00:37:27,609
alee important basis in your reaction

675
00:37:35,660 --> 00:37:31,540
system to did you did you estimate the

676
00:37:38,250 --> 00:37:35,670
life time or residence time on basis

677
00:37:45,690 --> 00:37:38,260
prebiotic an important basis in the

678
00:37:47,930 --> 00:37:45,700
reaction system someone on the other

679
00:37:53,400 --> 00:37:47,940
side of the room was that you George oh

680
00:37:55,170 --> 00:37:53,410
I saw a hand up there okay I have a

681
00:37:59,430 --> 00:37:55,180
couple of questions on my own if there's

682
00:38:01,560 --> 00:37:59,440
none other from the audience so the the

683
00:38:03,930 --> 00:38:01,570
first one just have you in general that

684
00:38:06,540 --> 00:38:03,940
any type of kinetic analysis on these

685
00:38:09,090 --> 00:38:06,550
systems to look at like how long you

686
00:38:11,010 --> 00:38:09,100
incubate the polymers for before

687
00:38:12,450 --> 00:38:11,020
hydrolysis to see the diversity of the

688
00:38:16,050 --> 00:38:12,460
products that occur there and can you

689
00:38:21,510 --> 00:38:16,060
comment on that at all kinetic

690
00:38:28,200 --> 00:38:21,520
progression of the reaction okay now we

691
00:38:31,920 --> 00:38:28,210
are exploring this issue now we know

692
00:38:36,230 --> 00:38:31,930
that the production of silicon I

693
00:38:41,210 --> 00:38:36,240
polymers is auto catalytic process but

694
00:38:43,650 --> 00:38:41,220
the reaction order is so reader

695
00:38:47,430 --> 00:38:43,660
indicating are very very accomplished

696
00:38:49,200 --> 00:38:47,440
system and then have you considered

697
00:38:49,830 --> 00:38:49,210
spiking experiments with any of these

698
00:38:51,900 --> 00:38:49,840
products

699
00:38:54,090 --> 00:38:51,910
in that type of kinetic analysis where

700
00:38:58,530 --> 00:38:54,100
you would add perhaps a carbon labeled

701
00:39:01,620 --> 00:38:58,540
product Terran or perhaps some of the

702
00:39:05,250 --> 00:39:01,630
other products that you've observed to

703
00:39:10,580 --> 00:39:05,260
see where those labelled carbons might

704
00:39:14,310 --> 00:39:12,990
alright thank you

705
00:39:17,930 --> 00:39:14,320
do we have any other questions from the

706
00:39:21,280 --> 00:39:17,940
audience all right so I guess let's

707
00:39:24,610 --> 00:39:21,290
thank Marta again and

708
00:40:15,740 --> 00:39:24,620
[Applause]